Stephen
Some would consider it an emergency response professional's
dream. The Senate confirmed the nomination of Kathleen Sebelius
as secretary of health and human services on Tuesday, April 28, and
she's already got a possible epidemic on her hands. OK, it's not
really a dream, but certainly an interesting way to take office.
For those worried, we've got two items on the Swine Flu this month: An
article on Gov. Schwarzenegger's Proclamation, and a link to the CDC's
Swine Flu page. The usual stuff applies though: make a kit, wash
your hands, stay home/telecommute if you can, etc. Bayer has also
made the news, and we've got an article on that, as well as a guest
article from Fred Cowie on chemistry.
The DOD is saying that our adversaries may get chemical and/or
bio-terror weapons, and there are some great new resources in the
"Useful Information" section. Check them out, and if you've got a
tidbit, article, or something that everyone else can use, send it
over.
On another note, if you've been involved with a Voluntary Protection
Program "STAR Facility" business, I'd like to touch base with you about
how you made it work for your organization.
Lastly, on a personal note, after 11 years of trying to have our own
children, my wife and I are looking to adopt. If you hear of
anyone interested in giving up a baby for adoption, please let us
know. Thanks!
Have a good month, wash your hands often, stay safe, and
we'll see you next month!
-Stephen
Stephen is taking care of the editing until
we can find a new editor. If any of you are interested, please
contact him at: stephen.melvin@oursafetowns.com.
Ten* Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Facts That Will Help
Responders.
This guest article comes to us from Fred Cowie:
© 2009 Frederick J. Cowie, Ph.D.
fredcowie@aol.com 406-431-3531
Industrial chemists and organic chemists might tell
you hundreds or even thousands of interesting and important things
about hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, oxides,
organic compounds, etc. However, as a first responder your brain
might explode, your memory might give up, and your eyes might glaze
over. Yet a mere ten things, given the Pareto Principle, should
be quite handy in eighty percent of HAZMAT responses. And
besides, who could come up with a good excuse not to look at just ten
things. So here goes!
- Carbon loves to
combine with oxygen and form carbon dioxide, CO2 (and sometimes carbon
monoxide, CO), and when it does it releases energy and expands, needing
more room as a gas. Example, coal dust explosions.
- When carbon is in
a hydrocarbon molecule, the oxidation is multiplied, lots of energy is
released, and more gases (CO2 along with H2O vapor) are
made. Example: Internal combustion engines.
- When carbon is in
a carbohydrate molecule, more oxidation can take place, also giving off
CO2 along with H2O. Examples: Elevator, sugar and
flour mill explosions, barn fires and human metabolizing.
- Hydrogen too can
be oxidized, giving off H2O vapor, and releasing energy in the
process. Example: The Hindenburg explosion, not to mention
modern fuel cells.
- Hydrogen loves to
combine and form gas and liquid molecules. Example: H2O,
NH3, HF, HCl, HBr, and HI.
- Oxygen loves to
combine, period! Examples: Dust explosibles (aluminum,
magnesium, coal, flour, sugar, etc.), flammable liquids, flammable
gases, rust, etc.
- Oxygen-hydrogen
functional units, as alcohol or hydroxyl ions, are everywhere.
Examples, alcohols and hydroxides.
- Hydrocarbons
(HCs), and alcohols (-OHs) make good solvents and energy sources and
can be found everywhere you might respond to. Examples:
garages, RVs, barns, hardware stores, delivery trucks, tankers,
eighteen wheelers, truck stops, filling stations, car wrecks, home
improvement centers, and wally worlds.
- Meth labs are
great places to find lots of the above. Examples: HCl gas
is used to make methamphetamine hydrochloride; HI gas sometimes is
accidentally made when Iodine is used in the Red P/Iodine method;
volatile hydrocarbons are used as solvents and sometimes vaporized;
ammonia is present when using the ammonia/lithium method; alcohols are
often used as solvents; sodium hydroxide is used as a base; and don’t
forget the carbon-based, oxygen-using, CO2 and H2O producing
organisms.
- One
carbon-hydrogen-oxygen molecule, with the alternative names
hydroxyethane or ethyl hydrate, CAS No. 64-17-5, with the molecular
formula is C2H5OH and the empirical formula C2H6O, is responsible for
numerous if not the majority of deaths in transportation, industrial
and domestic incidents. It has been involved in countless career
busting incidents. It has killed innumerable individuals,
families and responders. It is as toxic as it is flammable,
addictive as it is ubiquitous. It has been tied to prefrontal
cortex, limbic system and brain stem dysfunction and has been know to
affect responders’ judgment. Incidents involving this product
should be strictly monitored.**
*For more fun things
based on simple hydrocarbons, start with methane and work your way up,
trying: form-ic acid (from formica, ant, thus ant-acid?), form-ate,
form-aldehyde, and chloro-form; acet-ic acid (from acetum, vinegar,
yielding even the anatomists’ acetabulum, the vinegar-cup looking hip
socket), acet-ate, and acet-one; and acryl-ic acid, acryl-ate and my
personal sticky favorite, cyano-acryl-ate. Or, jump to butane and
pentane to sniff out putrescine and cadaverine. Or, snake around
with Kekulé to benzene, phenol, toluene, and even TNT!
**Also known as ethanol, the “active ingredient,” one might say, in
beer, whiskey, wine, and in my case, far too many brandy manhattans.
For Californians:
Courtesy of Brian Abeel from the California Emergency Management
Agency. FYI - AB 1131 was amended on Monday April 20th. New
language transfers the duties and responsibilities for the Business
Plan and CalARP programs from CalEMA to DTSC. If you have an opinion
let the author (Assembly Member Feuer) know.
Also For Californians:
Gov.
Schwarzenegger Issues Proclamation to Confront Swine Flu Outbreak
As part of the state's aggressive approach to addressing the swine flu,
Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger today proclaimed a State of Emergency
that will support and facilitate our state health departments' response
to this outbreak. While there is no need for alarm, it is the
Governor's top priority to limit the swine flu's spread as quickly and
effectively as possible and this action represents one more step being
taken to strengthen California's response capabilities.
Read
More.
March 28, New York Times
- (West Virginia) Trying to limit disclosure on explosion.
In August 2008, an explosion tore through the Bayer CropScience
Chemical Plant in Institute, West Virginia, killing two employees. Now,
a federal agency wants to hold a public hearing to lay out its
preliminary findings about what caused the accident. But Bayer, citing
a terrorism-related federal law, is trying to limit what the agency can
disclose. Bayer is contending that because it has a dock for barge
shipments on the adjacent Kanawha River, its entire 400-acre site
qualifies under the 2002 federal Maritime Transportation Security Act.
It has asked the Coast Guard, which has jurisdiction under the act, to
review the public release of "sensitive security information." The
agency that wants to hold the hearing, the Chemical Safety and Hazard
Investigation Board, says it is the first time in its 11 years of
operation that a company has tried to limit what could be discussed
publicly, and the first time the maritime act has been invoked this
way. In particular, Bayer appears to want to limit discussion about the
potential hazards posed by a chemical produced and used by the plant -
methyl isocyanate. The chemical safety board believes that if Bayer is
successful, it will set a precedent for other companies to limit the
release of information. But the Chemical Safety and Hazard
Investigation board chairman contended that the maritime act applied
only to transportation of the chemicals, not the onsite storage and
processes. Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/us/29chemical.html?_r=1&ref=earth.
Buckle Up Your Seatbelt and Behave:
Do we take more
risks when we feel safe? Fifty years after we began using the
three-point seatbelt, there's a new answer
* By William Ecenbarger
* Smithsonian magazine, April 2009
In the middle of the last century, Volvo began seeking improvements to
seat belts to protect drivers and passengers in its vehicles. When the
Swedish automaker tried a single strap over the belly, the result was
abdominal injuries in high-speed crashes. The engineers also
experimented with a diagonal chest restraint. It decapitated crash-test
dummies.
Read
More
DOD Report Warns of Sophisticated Chemical Weapons,
Bioterrorism
Inside the Pentagon April 16, 2009
Chemical weapons could grow more diverse and technically sophisticated
as technology spreads and dual-use equipment becomes more common, but
biological weapons pose a far more destructive threat to unprotected
military forces or civilians, according to a recent Pentagon report on
chemical and biological defense.
Many countries remain focused on "traditional" chemical warfare agent
(CWA) programs, but others may be motivated to develop agents that are
"more difficult to detect, easier to disseminate, resistant to
available medical countermeasures, or have increased lethality," states
the 2009 annual report to Congress, issued this month.
The chemical and biological defense program funds research for
leading-edge technologies that ensure U.S. forces can defend against
chemical and biological threats in the long term. This research also
provides tools that will "enhance chemical and biological defense
capabilities for U.S. armed forces in all counterproliferation defense
missions in the near-term, and start or continue procurement on a
variety of CB defense systems," the study says.
"The increased availability of related technologies, coupled with the
relative ease of producing some chemical agents, has increased concern
that CW production and employment may become more attractive to states
or terrorist groups," the report states. Toxic industrial chemicals and
toxic industrial materials also pose a serious risk to U.S. forces and
civilians because of their potential lethality.
This, in combination with their "availability, low cost, and the low
security" associated with some storage facilities, makes them
attractive for terrorist use, the overview warns. Chlorine, phosgene,
and organophosphate pesticides are all examples of readily available
toxic industrial chemicals and toxic industrial materials that could be
used by "hostile actors against U.S. interests," it adds.
These materials are often transported in multiton shipments over public
roads and railways, making them even more of a serious threat, DOD
writes. "Between October 2006 and June 2007, Iraqi insurgents
conducted multiple vehicle-borne improvised explosive device attacks
employing industrial chlorine gas cylinders as improvised CWs," the
report states. "While these attacks showed little technical
sophistication, they were initially successful in causing fear amongst
the general populace and served as a clear sign that CW alternatives
were being pursued by U.S. adversaries."
The overall number of countries capable of producing chemical agents
has grown and will continue to increase due to the availability of
chemical production equipment and the globalization of the chemical
industry, according to DOD.
Biological warfare and bioterrorism are also significant threats to the
United States and its allies, DOD asserts. Biological weapons are
"easier and cheaper to develop than nuclear weapons and are potentially
far more destructive than CWs to unprotected military forces or
civilian populations," the report states. As a result, biological
weapons have been viewed as "a valuable tool in non-state arsenals,"
the report adds.
Over the next decade, the threat from the non-state use of biological
warfare is likely to become more complex due to the increased variety
of agents and the sophistication of clandestine development programs,
DOD asserts.
Advances in genetic engineering and other biotechnology could also
provide adversaries with the capability to modify biological agents by
"enhancing virulence, increasing stability and resistance, and
minimizing detection -- even creating a new synthetic biological
agent," the report states.. "While conventional weaponization and
delivery of biological agents are difficult, even crude delivery
systems can be an effective way" of utilizing biological weapons like
the anthrax letters of 2001, DOD writes.
"Additionally, adversaries may use human delivery systems by infecting
themselves or others to spread certain biological agents within a
civilian or military population," the report states.
Nuclear and radiological threats are also a continuing problem. The
overall number of nuclear weapons continues to decline because of
Russian and U.S. treaty commitments, yet the United States anticipates
an increase in weapon numbers in China, India and Pakistan, states the
report.
Motivated by economic and strategic interests, Russia and China (or
political entities in each) and North Korea continue to supply
technologies and components that are dual use and may support weapons
of mass destruction and missile programs, especially in the Middle East
and South Asia, notes DOD. Iran continues to develop its enrichment
program in defiance of United Nations Security Council resolutions and
to build a heavy water reactor in
Arak, which will be capable of producing plutonium that could be
weaponized, the report states.
While North Korea has halted portions of its nuclear program, it is
possible that it has stockpiled several nuclear weapons from plutonium
produced at Yongbyon, DOD writes. Non-nuclear radiological dispersal
devices and radiological exposure devices pose "a significant potential
threat, especially in the hands of non-state groups," the report adds.
Radiological dispersal devices spread radioactive material by
conventional explosives or other mechanical means, whereas radiological
exposure devices passively expose people to ionizing radiation (usually
without their knowledge), according to the report. Contamination and
recovery issues associated with operating in a radiological environment
remain significant concerns for military operations and underscore the
need for robust detection, protection, and decontamination systems.
Failure to address these challenges will increase the risk to national
security, DOD writes.
The chemical and biological defense program is on track to develop new
defensive tools such as research into active measures for chemical and
biological stand-off detection, advanced materials for improved
filtration and protection systems, advanced decontaminants and
multi-functional smart materials for defense capabilities
advanced decontaminants and biological pretreatments aimed at
improving readiness for existing and future threats from weapons of
mass destruction, according to the report. The program will focus on
these innovations from fiscal years 2010 to 2015.
The report lists other priorities such as biological
pretreatments/viral vaccines, animal model development, radiological
countermeasures, medical chemical defense and diagnostics/therapeutics.
The program will also undertake several initiatives to enhance overall
management effectiveness and coordination of the program both within
the services and within other government agencies, the report says. The
program will achieve this through "the expansion of collaborative
contacts within the intergovernmental and international community,"
especially in the areas of science and technology, and research,
development and acquisition, it
explains.
At the same time, the Pentagon will continue to develop new defensive
capabilities "in anticipation of the continued evolution of WMD
threats and potential threats, including genetically-engineered
biological pathogens and next-generation chemical agents," to ensure
U.S. forces are prepared to operate in chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear (CBRN) environments, states the report.
"To maintain the ability to counter the existing and emerging CBRN
threats and to gain a competitive advantage, continued congressional
support is essential to sustain progress and to meet the critical
operational needs of U.S. warfighters and homeland defense
requirements," DOD writes. In response to the program's "dynamic
response" to shifting threats, adequate funding and resources must be
provided to address operational capability gaps, the report argues.
Examples include advanced science and technology, systems acquisition
and the fielding of procurement systems to meet updated requirements
and achieve modernization objectives, it says.
In the 2008 version of the report, the Pentagon also noted that
chemical and biological weapons are among the cheapest, easiest, and
quickest to produce and deploy. The challenge of combating weapons of
mass destruction is compounded by the ease with which knowledge related
to WMD development may be disseminated, the increasingly dual-use
nature of technologies, the rapid technological advancements that
continue to lower the threshold for acquiring WMD, and the development
of novel threats through various techniques, including genetic
engineering, the 2008 report states.
Like the 2009 report, the previous version warns of the increased
possibility of attacks on the battlefield and at home involving toxic
industrial chemicals and toxic industrial materials. These are "readily
available, inexpensive, and can be easily concealed," notes the 2008
DOD overview. A determined adversary may use industrial poisons to
"cause injury and disrupt operations," it adds.
Since 2001, the expectation has increased that smaller-scale chemical
warfare attacks by terrorist organizations will occur, the 2008 report
explains. "Although the chemical threat from foreign military action
remains the rationale for most chemical defense programs, increasing
attention needs to be paid to the potential that lethal and effective
attacks by al Qaeda, other terrorist organizations, or even independent
'lone wolf' extremists may be much more likely than long-range
artillery or missile attacks," it states.
In addition, terrorists and other non-state actors will present the
most likely radiological threat to the U.S. military and its allies,
maintains last year's report. "Hostile efforts to acquire diverse
radiological capabilities could lead to the development of radiological
dispersion devices or dirty bombs," it warns. "The use of these
weapons, in conjunction with more conventional explosives, complicates
and delays investigative operations, causes widespread panic, and will
most likely increase the overall psychological effectiveness of any
attack."
-- Fawzia Sheikh
Recent
Events
Washington
HUG Holds First Meeting
The first meeting of the newly reformed Washington HAZUS User Group
(WAHUG) was held at the Washington State Emergency Management
building located at Camp Murray, the headquarters of the Washington
National Guard on March 19, 2009. Twenty-four people attended the
meeting with additional participation via conference call and web
presentation. Attendees included GIS professionals representing city
and county government agencies as well as private
businesses.
Cathy Walker, the GIS Analyst for the Washington Military Department,
IT Division gave a presentation that included background on HAZUS User
Groups, information on HAZUS software, specifically the earthquake and
flood models, and available HAZUS training including the HAZUS
Credentialing Program. Click here for more information on
the Washington HAZUS User Group.
San
Diego HUG Kicks off Plans to Share Data and Resources
On March 24, 2009 the San
Diego HAZUS User Group (SDHUG) had their kick-off meeting with a
dozen members attending via conference call. Participating on the
call were representatives from FEMA Headquarters, California Emergency
Management Agency, Camp Pendleton, various local firms, San Diego State
Research Foundation and others.
The group has already scheduled follow-up meetings for the next few
months. As part of their mission, they plan to share data within
the SDHUG, including Indian Reservation data in hopes of improving
county level mitigation and response plans. Visit the San Diego HAZUS User Group
website for more information.
North
Carolina HUG Starts with Plans for Regional Training
With representatives from FEMA Region 4, private industry, Camp Lejeune
and several North Carolina county governments, the North Carolina HAZUS User Group
(NCHUG) had a kick-off meeting conference call March 24, 2009 with
nine participants. THE NCHUG is working with FEMA Region 4 and
Camp Lejeune to offer a Basic HAZUS Course at Camp Lejeune this
spring. Plan now to join them for their first in-person meeting
at the 3rd Annual HAZUS Conference in Raleigh, North Carolina, August
10 -12, 2009. Visit the North
Carolina HAZUS User Group website for more information.
Click here
to find a HUG near you.
From
Robert Kamm with SB CAER:
Greeting CAER members,
The April 14 SB CAER meeting has been canceled for spring break,
vacations and scheduling conflicts. Our next meeting will be 09:30 May
12, 2009 at the Carson Community Center.
CAMEOfm, MARPLOT, and ALOHA -- New and
Improved
EMForum.org
- Wednesday April 22, 2009 -- 12:00 Noon Eastern
EMForum.org
is pleased to host a one hour presentation and interactive discussion
April 22, 2009, beginning at 12:00 Noon Eastern time (please convert to
your local time). Our topic will be the recently released updates for
the CAMEO suite of software tools for emergency operations, available
at no charge to emergency management professionals and first
responders. The CAMEO program is a partnership between the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Representing the EPA, our guest will be Peter Gattuso, Information
Systems Manager with EPA's Office of Emergency Management. Mr. Gattuso
has been with EPA since 1975, and was one of the primary authors of the
original CAMEOR system (Computer-aided Management of Emergency
Operations), and the MARPLOTR mapping system, both widely used in state
and local governments. Representing NOAA, our guest will be Mark
Miller, with NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration, Emergency
Response Division since 1988. Mr. Miller has been involved in the
development of CAMEO, and serves as NOAA's Program Manager.
Please make plans to join us, and as always, feel free to extend this
invitation to your colleagues. Please see the Background Page at http://www.emforum.org/vforum/090422.htm
for related materials and instructions, and if this will be your first
time to participate, please check your connection at least a day in
advance by clicking on the Live Meeting Login link at the top left. The
Live Meeting client must be used in order to access the audio.
Please take time to respond to this week's home page survey question,
"Is CAMEO used in your jurisdiction?"
The transcript of our April 8th program, The NIMS Supporting Technology
Evaluation Program, is accessible from our home page at http://www.emforum.org
Upcoming
Events
California
LEPC VI Meeting
May 12, 2009 California
LEPC VI Meeting: Video and Teleconference
County of San Diego
1255 Imperial Ave, 4th floor
San Diego, CA 92101
619-338-2217
Disaster
Management for Water and Wastewater Utilities Class
Douglas Hefley (Safety
and Risk Manager) from the Eastern Municipal Water District is
sponsoring a class at the District on Thursday, May 7 and Friday, May 8
from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. The class is a 16 hours long (both days
required), subject is on Disaster Management for Water and Wastewater
Utilities (US Homeland Security Class Mgt 343). The class is
being conducted by the Texas Engineering Extension program. The
class is free to those who want to attend, and as of April 16, he had
approximately 16 openings. If you are interested in attending,
please contact him at:
Eastern Municipal Water District
P.O. Box 8300
Perris, CA 92572-8300
(951)928-3777 Ext. No. 4218
Fax: (951) 928-6183
hefleyd@emwd.org
May 13-15:
May 13-15, 2009: 2009 CFEDWest Conference & Expo
The 2009 CFEDWest Conference & Expo is California's largest
domicile response event. Developed by California's response base -- for
California's response community—the 2009 event features five great
educational tracks with the following areas of focus: FIREFIGHTING,
EMS, DISASTER RESPONSE & PUBLIC HEALTH, EMERGENCY NURSING, and
HOMELAND SECURITY via the co-location of the California Homeland
Security Response Conference. We also offer POST, EMS and BRN
educational credit
The California Homeland Security Response Conference and the CFEDWest
Conference & Expo will be held May 13-15, 2009, in Palm Springs,
CA. Come join 2,000 of your peers in this can't miss event!
The 2009 CFEDWest Conference & Expo qualifies for reimbursement
from State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP), Urban Area Security
Initiative (UASI), Metropolitan Medical Response Systems (MMRS), and
Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention Program (LETPP).
More info is available here: http://www.cfedwest.com/
May 18-19:
ICS-400 Class
Time: 8:00 am – 5:00
pm, Lunch hosted by YVWD
Site: Crystal Creek Water Treatment Facility
35477 Oak Glen Rd.
Yucaipa, CA 92399
RSVP: John Hull (909) 322-3932, jhull@yvwd.dst.ca.us No later than May
13, 2009
PURPOSE: This course provides training on and resources for personnel
who require advanced application of the Incident Command System (ICS).
WHO SHOULD ATTEND: The target audience for this course is for
individuals who may assume a supervisory role in expanding incidents or
Type 3 incidents. During a Type 3 incident some or all of the Command
and General Staff positions may be activated, as well as Division /
Group Supervisor and / or Unit Leader level positions. These incidents
may extend into multiple operational periods.
ICS-300 is a prerequisite for enrolling in the class.
Nothing new this month. We'll
keep you posted as developments open up!
If you are
interested in working with us directly to make your community,
business, or agency safer, please contact us at: info@oursafetowns.com.
See you next month!
Next of Kin Registry
I was recently introduced to Mark V. Cerney of the Next of Kin
Registry. Here is some information from their website:
The Next Of Kin Registry (NOKR) was established as a FREE tool for
daily emergencies and national disasters. NOKR is your emergency
contact system to help if you or your family member is missing, injured
or deceased. NOKR is the central depository for Emergency Contact
information in the United States. NOKR is a non-profit humanitarian
organization dedicated to bridging rapid emergency contact information.
NOKR was established in January 2004, for daily emergency situations.
Website: www.nokr.org
Emergency
Manager Weekly Report:
This page will
host 'Articles of Interest' that are compiled from news clippings. We
will maintain the most recent three months of AOI's here in pdf format
for download to your computer. These are sorted with the newest at the
top of the list. If there are two or more files, they will be packed
into a zip file for easy download.
About
The Emergency Manager Weekly Report (was Emergency Management and
Homeland Security Articles of Interest) is distributed weekly by Steve
Detwiler and is endorsed by the International Association of Emergency
Managers.
Exploring First Responder Tactics in a Terrorist
Chemical Attack
In December of
2008, Kong Pin Gilbert Foo (a student at the Naval Postgraduate School)
published his thesis: Exploring
First Responder Tactics in a Terrorist Chemical Attack. To
read the paper, click here.
Environmental
Professional Available
One of our colleagues
has recently been laid off due to the tight economic times and is
looking for a position. Her primary function the last 25 years
has been in 3rd party logistics (chemical warehouses, etc.) Her
duties ranged from:
- SSS (Safety, Security
and Sanitation) inspections in all facilities. Inspected 20 buildings
once every 3 months.
- Performed DOT General
Awareness and Security training for all HAZMAT employees
- Handled regulatory
issues in all facilities
- Supported all
facilities on any chemical related issues
- Reviewed all MSDS
sheets and setup DOT shipping descriptions for bills of lading
- Certified Unified
Program Agency Reporting
- Managed all disposals
RCRA and Non-RCRA
- Active in Community
Outreach such as Community Awareness and Emergency Response and
Community Emergency Response Teams
Swine
Influenza (Flu)
Swine Flu website last updated April
29, 2009, 7:15 PM ET
The outbreak of disease in people caused by a new influenza virus of
swine origin continues to grow in the United States and
internationally. Today, CDC reports additional confirmed human
infections, hospitalizations and the nation’s first fatality from this
outbreak. The more recent illnesses and the reported death suggest that
a pattern of more severe illness associated with this virus may be
emerging in the U.S. Most people will not have immunity to this new
virus and, as it continues to spread, more cases, more hospitalizations
and more deaths are expected in the coming days and weeks.
For more information, go to: http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/
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